In English grammar, subject-verb agreement means that the verb must match the subject in number and person. A singular subject takes a singular verb, while a plural subject takes a plural verb.
Correct subject-verb agreement is important for writing clear and grammatically correct sentences. When the subject and verb do not agree, the sentence sounds incorrect and may confuse the reader.
Basic Rule of Subject-Verb Agreement
The most important rule is simple:
- Singular subject → singular verb
- Plural subject → plural verb
Examples:
- She writes every day.
- They write every day.
In the first sentence, she is singular, so the verb is writes.
In the second sentence, they is plural, so the verb is write.
Rule 1: Subjects Joined by “And”
When two subjects are joined by and, they usually take a plural verb.
Examples:
- Tom and Jerry are friends.
- The teacher and the student are talking.
Rule 2: Subjects Joined by “Or” or “Nor”
When subjects are joined by or or nor, the verb agrees with the subject closest to it.
Examples:
- Either the teacher or the students are coming.
- Either the students or the teacher is coming.
Rule 3: Indefinite Pronouns
Some pronouns are always singular and take singular verbs.
Examples of singular indefinite pronouns:
- everyone
- someone
- anyone
- nobody
- each
Examples in sentences:
- Everyone likes music.
- Someone is knocking at the door.
Rule 4: Collective Nouns
Collective nouns such as team, family, or group are usually treated as singular.
Examples:
- The team is playing well.
- The family lives in Kuala Lumpur.
Rule 5: Words Between Subject and Verb
Sometimes other words appear between the subject and the verb. These words do not affect subject-verb agreement.
Example:
- The box of books is on the table.
The subject is box, not books, so the verb is is.
Rule 6: Titles and Names
Titles of books, movies, or organizations are usually treated as singular, even if they look plural.
Example:
- The Chronicles of Narnia is a famous book series.
Common Subject-Verb Agreement Mistakes
Here are examples of common mistakes:
Incorrect:
- She go to school every day.
Correct:
- She goes to school every day.
Incorrect:
- The list of items are on the desk.
Correct:
- The list of items is on the desk.
Why Subject-Verb Agreement Is Important
Using correct subject-verb agreement helps make sentences clear and grammatically correct. It improves both writing and speaking skills and helps readers understand your message easily.
Mastering this rule is an important step in learning English grammar.
Conclusion
Subject-verb agreement ensures that the subject and verb in a sentence match correctly. By remembering the basic rules and practicing with examples, learners can avoid common grammar mistakes and write more accurate sentences.